Adjusting the ignition on an Alpha moped: main steps and necessary tools

Moped owners will be very interested in learning how to properly install the switch on your moped.

Switch

- this is a device that is responsible for supplying high voltage pulses to the spark plug. This device works in tandem with an ignition coil.

First, let's look at what types of moped switches there are. There are not many of them, only three:

1. Switch with built-in high voltage generator (DC CDI)
2. A switch that needs a high voltage source (AC CDI)
3. Coil-commutator

Let's look at each briefly.

How to replace the sensor?

A malfunction of the Hall sensor in a scooter is diagnosed using a tester. During normal operation of the sensor, the indicator should be above about.4 V.

If your meter is faulty, it must be replaced. This is done as follows:

1. Remove the distributor by freeing it from the cover. Note the position of the slider before replacing. There is a pin inside that needs to be removed. Also remove coupling 22 (oil deflector) and washer.
2. Remove the Hall sensor screws and its mounting. Carefully remove the device.
3. Make the necessary repairs or install a new sensor by performing all the steps in reverse order.

The hall sensor (HS) has become widespread in the automotive industry, because thanks to this controller it was possible to solve several problems at once. Hall sensors are now also installed on 2-wheeled vehicles such as scooters.

Ignition setup steps

The first possible breakdown is checked with a stroboscope; to do this, you need to check whether there are measured risks in the ignition synchronization. Rarely does anyone have an expensive strobe light for free use, but if you have the opportunity to ask your friends for it, then it’s better to start working with this check.

In order to start checking the synchronization of the marks on the system, you need to thoroughly warm up the moped motor. There is no need to strain the moped too much.

Connecting a strobe

After this, you should connect the strobe. If the technician is working with the device for the first time, he must first carefully study the operating instructions. Two wires come from the device, one of which should be connected to the moped’s power supply, and the second induction wire is connected to the spark plug.

A simple strobe for setting up the ignition of a moped

As soon as a spark appears on the spark plug during startup, the bright light of the strobe will indicate this. Now you should direct this light that appears to the location of the measuring marks and see how they are located relative to each other. If everything is correct, the risks are exactly the same, then the setup went as expected, no further adjustment is required.

Adjusting the ignition timing

If the measuring marks are not synchronously coupled with each other, or they are not visible, then you will have to adjust the start of the moped. More precisely, you will have to adjust the ignition timing. Different models of Chinese mopeds may have different adjustment methods. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to study the documentation attached to the moped. Adjustments must be made in accordance with the instructions.

If it is not clear where these measuring marks should be located, you should carefully inspect the generator flywheel, as well as the flywheel housing, and they will immediately show up.

Further work requires a careful approach and strict adherence to safety measures, since you will have to inspect and adjust the system with the engine running.

Equipment Features

Let's return to the strobe light. To operate, you need a type of this device that is equipped with a special sensor for counting the rotation of the hot shaft - this module is worth paying attention to.

If a strobe light that does not have such equipment falls into the hands of a master, then it is necessary to slightly adjust the progress of the work. It is necessary to check the engine starting at idle speed. But there is also a nuance here - you should be sure that the idle speed works accurately.

The result of the test should be a position of the measuring marks in which the ignition will work perfectly. Once such a situation has been identified, it must be set. Further adjustments to other parameters are not recommended.

Alfa moped switch

In this part of the article, we will look at the pinout feature of the switch for the Alpha moped (and, to boot, the Delta), and also find out the purpose of each wire. All information is presented in the diagram below.

It is noteworthy that the same switches can be installed on mopeds of various brands of Chinese production, since there are a lot of Alpha clones.

As we can see, the pinout of this switch is very simple.

Pinout

1. Black and yellow wire 1
   goes to the ignition coil.
2. Black-red wire 2
   is responsible for power.
3. Contact 3
   is missing in principle.
4. Black and white wire 4
   is responsible for turning off the engine and goes to the ignition switch.
5. Blue-white pin 5
   goes to the Hall sensor.
6. The last, green pin 6
   is ground.

Alfa moped wiring diagram: features of domestic operation

With the development of trade relations between Russia and China, in addition to traditional knitted goods and consumer electronics, various auto and motorcycle equipment began to be imported en masse to our country. And since the domestic motorcycle industry was experiencing a decline, the new items were to the taste of motorcyclists and began to be purchased en masse for their own needs.

Classic look of the Alpha moped

Of particular interest is the ALPHA moped with an air-cooled engine, which is sold in the Russian Federation as “Alpha”

110cc" or "

Alpha

49". The numbers in the name indicate the engine displacement:

1. 49 cc four-stroke air-cooled engine. cm, power 4.5 hp;
2. 110 cc four-stroke air-cooled engine. cm, power 7 hp.

Mopeds, due to their external resemblance to motorcycles, differ from scooters, although they represent a separate class. However, the combination of technical parameters, ease of do-it-yourself maintenance and low operating cost have made this moped a sales leader on the Russian motorcycle market.

For reference: in China, several manufacturers assemble the ALPHA model. Among them are Horse, Chong Qing Bull, WONJAN, Omaks and a number of others. Companies such as AVM and SMoto also assemble mopeds in Russia. At the same time, the wiring diagram of the Alpha moped is identical, regardless of the location of assembly.

Other options

While generator power is key, there are other important parameters to consider:

• Gasoline generators are compact and simple. They have a convenient control system and are able to operate at low air temperatures. Such units are most often used as an emergency source of electricity since they are not capable of operating in non-stop mode.
• Massive DGS (diesel generator sets) are very popular in the Russian energy market. They have a long service life, stable operating parameters and a long operational period. With their help, you can create a basic power supply system.
• Gas generators operate almost silently and consume fuel economically. Another advantage of stations of this type is the ability to connect directly to the city gas main, which eliminates the need to constantly refill cylinders or tanks.
• Voltage. There are units that are used in single-phase household networks with a voltage of 220V and industrial devices where the voltage can be switched from 220V to 380V.

• Manual. The simplest and most reliable starter. The power plant is turned on through the use of physical force.
• Electric. A more convenient and expensive system that allows you to turn on the unit by pressing one button. It is also possible to use a remote control or computer control;
• You can also purchase a diesel electric generator with a pre-installed automatic reserve input unit. This is a special device that is designed to automatically launch an emergency station in the event of interruptions or disconnection of the city network. The AVR unit allows you to transfer the facility's power system to a completely autonomous mode.

This is useful when the building has equipment that requires a non-stop supply of electricity, such as video surveillance systems, freezers, computerized controls, electric ovens, etc. Quite often, electric generators with automatic reserve units are installed in combination with large uninterruptible power supplies, which support the operation of equipment at the facility during the automatic start of the station engine.

• Open. These are standard installations that have the best price. In most cases, they are installed in special technical rooms with a heating system, exhaust system and sound insulation. Open stations are easy to maintain.
• In a casing. Units with low engine noise. They are also protected from moisture and dust, which allows generators to be placed outdoors.
• In a container. The durable metal case allows you to place the equipment in difficult weather and climatic zones and guarantees protection from mechanical influences.

About adjusting the ignition of a 4t scooter

Knowing how to set up the ignition of a 4T scooter on your own, you can save time and money, since you will not need to contact a motorcycle repair shop. The procedure is simple, even if you have no experience it takes a little time, but you will need to be patient. Regardless of the type of ignition, an important role is played by how the marks are set.

Correct adjustment is a guarantee of stable and smooth engine operation even in cold weather conditions. Often, in used vehicles, the ignition is broken: this can happen for various reasons, ranging from elementary shaking when driving to improper handling of the equipment. In order for the scooter not to let you down and for you to be able to start it whenever you want, you will need to learn how to carry out this procedure yourself. To do this, you will need to have several keys that allow you to remove the valve cover if the engine is four-stroke.

Setting up the Vision scooter ignition system

If the ignition is knocked out, this may be the reason the scooter does not work. Restoring it is not difficult if you understand how it is done.

Advice: before starting work, carefully check and clean the carburetor: this may be the reason. Adjust the quality of the mixture. In addition, it doesn't hurt to check the spark plugs.

You need to start adjusting by setting the timing belt in the desired position. As a rule, there are marks on it for this purpose; they are set at the factory. The cylinder must be installed at dead center. The mark may be indicated by the letter T or another symbol. Now make sure that the mark installed on the rotor matches the mark found on the magneto. To do this, you need to gently press the kickstarter. The rotor can also be turned using your hands, but this is more difficult.

There are also marks on the timing star in the form of holes or dots; they must be set so that the largest hole is on top and located exactly in the center. The remaining points should be below and located horizontally opposite each other. Setting the ignition advance makes sense if you want to increase the engine's power a little and make it start easily. The adjustment will help make the spark plug produce a spark earlier than the standard time. That is, a spark will appear even before the piston reaches the dead center. In cold weather, a moped configured in this way will start better.

In order to configure the scooter in this way, you will need to repeat the procedure described above. However, there is a difference: the marks should not coincide clearly, and not reach each other by about 0.5 cm. The main difficulty lies in connecting the marks.

Signs and causes of moped motor malfunction

Among the main manifestations of a breakdown of the ignition system are the following factors:

• the moped does not start the first time or does not start at all;
• it takes a lot of effort to start the engine;
• presence of burning on the candle;
• excess noise when the engine operates while driving and idle;
• inability to gain sufficient speed without effort.
• Correct ignition settings can eliminate the following problems in the operation of the moped:
• fuel detonation;
• increased gasoline consumption;
• reduction in power at low speeds;
• noticeable knocking not only when driving, but also when the engine is running without moving;
• strong heating of the motor;
• presence of pops.

Setting up a timely spark supply will also extend the operation of the piston system and the entire engine in general due to the absence of gasoline accumulation inside the engine - carbon deposits do not increase, leading to coking and unusability of the engine in general.

Incorrectly set ignition is associated with other problems, including the installation of the piston system. The reasons for the failure of the moped ignition are:

• incorrectly installed ignition coil;
• wear of the piston system, which leads to the release of gases from the inside and the release of fumes onto other components;
• physical damage to the vehicle due to a fall or accident.

It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition and correct connection of the ignition coil, since it is this part that increases the voltage, resulting in a spark. Lack of sufficient voltage prevents a spark from forming and starting the moped engine. There is a way to diagnose the ignition coil to understand what needs to be replaced, and not just adjusted correctly. You need to take a tester (multimeter) to measure the levels. It is worth considering that a digital tester is preferable, since the needle may not pick up the slightest fluctuations.

The tester probes need to be connected to the terminals of the ignition coil, and the multimeter itself must be switched to resistance measurement mode. After this you will need to apply voltage. An indicator of up to 5 Ohms is considered normal (but not lower than 0.5 Ohms) - the optimal level. Next you need to do everything with the secondary winding:

1. one probe is connected to the coil terminal (supply);
2. the second must be attached to the spark plug cap;
3. you need to look at the value on the screen.

Checking the ignition coil with a multimeter
The norm for the secondary winding is a value of two to three kilo-ohms. If the indicators do not correspond to those mentioned above, you will need to replace the ignition coil, and not just adjust the corresponding system.

Video on how to check the ignition coil on a moped:

Service Features

Unfortunately, motorcycle suppliers do not always take into account the specific features of a particular type of vehicle.

, suggesting that low price is king. In particular, the majority of mopeds supplied to Russia under the ALPHA brand are not designed for our climatic and road conditions.

Original wiring diagram for an Alpha moped with 49 and 110 cc engines. cm

This manifests itself in the following:

1. Most mopeds are used off-road (in rural areas, for trips to nature, fishing, etc.). And factory tires, alloy rims, springs and shock absorbers are not designed for such loads;
2. The quality of gasoline and oil is also far from ideal, which affects the performance parameters of the moped;
3. The moped is not intended for operation at sub-zero temperatures.

Preparing to set the ignition, necessary tools

It is necessary to start working with a moped with a sufficiently warm engine - if you leave the vehicle to cool for about two hours after the trip or let it sit until the morning, if the vehicle was driven into the garage in the evening, then you need to put it on a stand for a few minutes with the engine running. Among other things, it is worth doing:

1. place the moped on a flat and stable surface (asphalt or concrete);
2. fix the vehicle on the stand so that it does not move anywhere;
3. prepare a small box for the extracted parts (if you have to do something extra). The best option is the cells from the tool box, into which everything can be sorted, eliminating confusion.

To work on a moped you will need several elements:

• a set of tools that came with the moped;
• instructions that came with the transport - it describes the main points of the procedure;
• strobe

If this type of moped repair is being performed for the first time, it is recommended to enlist the help of at least one person so that he can hold individual parts of the vehicle or record the process in a photo/video. The materials will be needed if problems arise when putting the entire mechanism back together.

The whole process is best done outside in dry weather, but without wind, so that sand does not get inside, which would require additional cleaning. Inside a garage or box, the process will not be safe because you will need to start the engine. The instructions for setting up the ignition will be useful to all owners of Alpha mopeds, as well as Honda, from which the model was copied for production in China and sale at a lower price in other countries.

How to set the ignition on an Alpha zs50f moped

9:26

Coffee maker Saturn 15 Bar, how it works, is it worth buying. ST-CM7094 Review of Saturn coffee maker: is it worth buying, does it make delicious coffee. This particular carpet maker is now in Allo UA, selling for 1858 UAH. And in Auchan we took it for 1200. And they gave a 2-year guarantee. Tested, I recommend buying this coffee maker, not a drip coffee maker. model ST-CM7094 You can easily make coffee both in the kitchen and at your workplace.

The power of this device is 850 watts. Coffee pot with a capacity of 1.6 liters. There is a cappuccino maker. You can make delicious coffee

10:26

If you have a sore throat, treatment for follicular sore throat

What the doctor prescribed for me for follicular tonsillitis. Receive further treatment, because if not treated, there may be a remission, but there will be a relapse like mine. In addition to what is said in the video, you need to buy ORASEPT; if the situation is difficult, you need to puff every hour for 2 days.

5:50

DIY photo frame

The famous and honored Ukrainian craftsman Alexander Tarasov will be happy to comment and show you how to make a photo frame with your own hands from a baguette or ceiling plinth.

tubethe.com

Features of electrical equipment

Unlike domestic motorcycles and mopeds, Alpha

already in the basic version it has a number of advantages:

1. Electronic 12V ignition;
2. Electric starter;
3. Electronic tachometer on the instrument panel.

Wiring on a moped

Alpha with an electronic switch in the ignition system

For reference: electronic ignition ensures trouble-free engine starting and stable operation in all operating modes. A simple circuit and the ease of replacing failed components with your own hands greatly simplifies the use of the vehicle.

Basic repair methods

The generator produces the spark, so the first thing you should do is inspect it: check the integrity of all wires and contacts that are adjacent to the generator. Then carry out diagnostics of condensates. Sometimes a spark may not appear due to mechanical damage on the generator, so it is worth carefully examining its winding. If there is a serious defect, it is better not to repair it, but simply replace it with a new part.

Quite often, a spark does not occur due to a malfunction of the spark plugs, which are consumables that regularly fail. For this reason, it is worth checking these elements for damage. Pay special attention to the color of the candle - it should be clean and without any soot. If the spark plugs are broken, they should be replaced.

On an Alpha moped, the cause of a weak spark or its complete absence may be the use of a discharged battery. You need to constantly monitor the battery charge. Most of the batteries used on this motorcycle produce 12 volts, so during testing the battery should show at least 9 volts. If it shows a lower value, then you need to either charge or change the battery.

Power reserve

When calculating the parameters of a gasoline, diesel or gas generator, it is necessary to take into account the energy consumption of all connected equipment. However, in addition to this, you need to add about 30% to the resulting number. This way you will have a reserve of power.

This reserve is needed for many reasons. The optimal load for the generator to operate for a long time is 70-80%.

Also, to calculate the appropriate efficiency, you must take into account how you will use the station, as the main power source or as a backup unit. Reserve stations are subject to less load and they do not require a large margin of efficiency, unlike main generators that operate in intensive mode.

If you incorrectly select the power reserve, then under load your power plant will regularly turn off due to the activation of the protection system. Therefore, this parameter must be considered carefully.

Energy sources

The moped uses a circuit with a battery power source. The manufacturer does not recommend its operation without a battery, and the wiring diagram for the Alpha moped is additionally equipped with a relay regulator (see also the wiring diagram for UAZ 31512).

The wiring to Alpha is protected from voltage surges

The six-coil generator also copes well with its duties:

1. Maintains voltage throughout the entire engine speed range;
2. Ensures that the headlights and headlights work while driving.

For reference: the factory instructions do not allow the installation of additional lighting fixtures. Also prohibited for use on a moped

headlight lamps exceed the power specified in the technical documentation.

Control and management bodies

The presence of informative devices makes the operation of the moped quite simple, which attracts many buyers. Moreover, which is typical, a fairly large number of beginners decide to buy a two-wheeled vehicle

, choosing mopeds

Alpha

.

Alfa moped wiring diagram

with electronic tachometer

The equally simple operation of the moped also contributes to its popularity. All basic vehicle functions

placed on the steering wheel, and their status is displayed on the instrument panel:

1. Speed ​​mode;
2. Engine speed;
3. Battery charge state;
4. Daily and total mileage (see also Ural motorcycle wiring diagram).

Photo of the instrument panel on the Alpha moped

Devices with connection to speedometer and tachometer

For motorcycles equipped with a standard electronic speedometer and tachometer, indicators are produced that are connected to these devices.

The popular "GiPro-X" model from Healtech Electronics comes complete with wires and connectors (for a specific motorcycle brand). It is connected to the tachometer and speed sensor. The product reads signals from these electronic devices and displays the currently engaged gear on a small digital display. Today the cost is 6250÷6300 rubles.

A similar device from Koso with a fairly large screen and an indicator for moving to the next gear costs 7900–8100 rubles. The universal model “PRG-1000” from the American with an indicator attached to the steering fork and a set of wires will cost 14,000–15,000 rubles.

The best manufacturers of generators for cars

The data below is based on the experience and reviews of car owners.

StartVOLT

Description. The units are produced for domestic vehicles VAZ, ZAZ, UAZ, KAMAZ, PAZ, URAL. The manufacturer supplies modifications for foreign cars and commercial vehicles.

Positions for domestic models are represented by two types of generators: with internal and external ventilation.

StartVOLT units are superior to standard components in terms of output current power. They allow you to connect additional functions. Some modifications are equipped with voltage regulators based on chip technology.

Generators designed for commercial vehicles are smaller in size and have higher power. Car owners appreciate them for their ease of installation.

Each modification is developed for a specific car brand, so the dimensions of the unit fully correspond to the standard ones, and all components are interchangeable. StartVOLT products undergo full final testing on specialized D&V equipment.

Equipment. The StartVOLT generator kit includes a technical data sheet.

Life time. The recommended service life is 2 years.

1. Easy installation.
2. Long service life.
3. Good voltage readings at cold (14.5-14.6) and at operating temperature (14.3-14.4).

Pramo

Description. The company produces modifications for cars and trucks, as well as tractors and special equipment. Pramo components are produced for both wheeled and tracked vehicles.

The weight of the units ranges from 5 to 10 kg. In addition to the generators themselves, the Pramo-Electro company produces components: rotors, stators, rectifier units, voltage regulators, pulleys, covers.

Pramo products are somewhat different from analogues in their casting and design of support bearings. The bearings are attached using flanges. This makes the unit repairable. The diode bridge follows the design of Bosch generators - the leads of the stator winding are sealed on the bridge. This makes the contact more stable, however, in the event of a breakdown, it is impossible to repair this element.

Moped maintenance

Like any vehicle, Alpha mopeds require routine maintenance, the essence of which boils down to:

1. Replacement of parts and assemblies whose service life has expired;
2. Setting up and restoring the factory parameters of the main components and assemblies;
3. Visual inspection of the moped to identify damage.

Chinese engines quite confidently “maintain” 20,000 km on our domestic fuels and lubricants without breakdowns or overhaul of the piston group. The main thing is to change the oil in a timely manner, especially during the break-in period.

If you do not operate the moped in harsh conditions (winter, cross-country racing, etc.), then all oil seals and rubber seals will also last a long time.

Tip: Change your air filter often. This will save the carburetor and make it easier to start the engine in all operating modes.

What you need for work

To work on setting up the Alpha moped factory, the user will need the following items:

• Operating instructions for the moped included with it upon sale;
• The basic set of tools, every moped is equipped with it;
• Strobe;
• It is advisable to provide Internet access during the work process, since all issues that arise along the way can be resolved immediately. You can simply take with you a phone that has access to the network. In this case, adjustment will be supported by knowledge.

We measure the compression.

Compression is the pressure in the cylinder at the end of the compression stroke. The magnitude of this pressure allows you to assess the condition of the engine. A working Alpha moped engine should have a compression of at least 8-10 kg/cm² (“atmospheres”). If it is less, then the engine is faulty: either the piston rings are worn out or the valves are leaking. Most likely the engine will need to be disassembled.

Compression is measured using a compression meter - a special pressure gauge that is inserted or screwed in (depending on the design) instead of the spark plug.

Before measuring compression, it is advisable to warm up the engine, but if it does not start, you will have to measure it cold. It is also advisable to unscrew the carburetor or open the throttle valve and turn off the fuel supply.

The engine must be rotated using an electric starter or kickstarter until the compression meter readings stop increasing.

conclusions

Chinese-made mopeds are simple and easy to use. We hope that the video in this article along with the original wiring diagrams will help you in maintaining your two wheeler. And the tips will help you avoid mistakes (see also the Java 638 wiring diagram).

Modern mopeds and scooters are equipped with an electronic ignition system CDI (from the English Capacitor Discharge Ignition), popular with us since the 70s of the last century and called thyristor or capacitor. It is based on discharging a capacitor through the primary winding of the ignition coil and an open thyristor to produce sparking in the spark plugs. However, adjustment of the ignition angle (AF) on these mopeds is not provided. The author, through simple changes in the switch block circuit, introduced ultrasonic adjustment, which qualitatively affected the operation of the engine.

Ignition switch and its features

The operating principle of supplying a spark to fuel in a moped is approximately the same as in a car. The task of this system is to ignite the mixture, which is supplied by the carburetor to the engine. The candle itself produces the ignition itself, but before that, other parts also participate in the process.

It is very important that the spark is supplied at exactly the right moment, when the piston has not yet reached top dead center.

To activate the system, a so-called lock is used, from which a signal is sent to other parts. A key is required to use it on most vehicles. In the off position, the switch is shorted to ground using a special “leg”. In general, the design of the system on Alpha and other scooters and mopeds is not too different from that on cars. As mentioned above, in addition to the lock, the main role is played by the ignition coil and switch.

Device with high voltage wire

The video below demonstrates the repair of a lock (the author of the video is RECOVER PSR).