VAZ 2109 switch - where is the VAZ 2109 switch located

Switch Purpose

The switch is designed to interrupt the electric current flowing through the primary winding of the ignition coil, according to a signal from the Hall sensor. The interruption results in a high voltage current flowing to the spark plugs.

In addition, the switch automatically regulates the period of current accumulation in the ignition coil depending on the crankshaft speed. It also turns off the current supply through the ignition coil when the engine is not running but the ignition is on.

Scheme and principle of operation of BSZ

We connect a 12 V light bulb instead of the coil.

For an analogue of the foreign microcircuit LB, see

To have an idea of ​​what this gadget looks like and what to look for, you can look at a photo of the switch on our Internet portal.

They have contacts that can burn or simply wear out. The controllers also control the electrovalve of the economizer of forced idling EPHH. The use of semiconductor and microprocessor switches in contact-transistor or contactless ignition systems allows you to obtain the following advantages: the current flowing through the breaker contacts is reduced, as a result of which they practically stop burning for a contact-transistor ignition system; the duration of the spark supply increases, which guarantees effective ignition of the working mixture in the engine cylinders; it becomes possible to significantly increase the compression ratio in the engine cylinders, as well as the crankshaft rotation speed, without compromising the reliability of spark formation.

Choke L1 and resistor R1 are designed to speed up the process of closing transistor VT1, capacitor C1 of the primary excitation circuit of the ignition coil and capacitor C2 serve to protect the components of the switch circuit from voltage surges in the vehicle's on-board network. The protection circuit of the output transistor is made on discrete elements C7 and R. The voltage is supplied to the main distribution contact, then through the wiring it goes to the spark plugs, which form a spark.

Check for a spark when the ignition is turned on. It is a hybrid of electronics and mechanics. The electronic part includes a commutator and a coil. A cover is attached to the top with latches, where the cables from the spark plugs are connected.

The distributor body should be turned to the desired position and secured with a nut. Tighten the distributor fastening nut, install the cap and spark plug, then start the engine. But with the help of spark plugs alone, the engine will not be able to run.

The spark plug cables are connected according to the numbering on the cover, the central wire is connected to the coil electrode. If there were no annoying errors during the installation process, the car will start immediately

For comparison, look at the contact system. Checking the Hall sensor Measure the voltage at the sensor output

Repair and maintenance What is a switch in a car? Automotive electronics course. Switch

Automotive ignition system

Of course, in the VAZ-2109 car, and in other models as well, each system is very important, because it fulfills its main purpose, and failure of any system simply will not allow the car to perform its functions. Therefore, you need to monitor every system in your car, and, of course, the ignition system, without which the power unit will not be able to operate. Car owners should not consider the ignition system as a separate part, since it consists of several rather complex components, and one of the most important is the switch.

Quite often, car owners wonder: how can they check the VAZ-2109 switch and is it really possible to cope with this task on their own? We will try to understand these questions further.

How to check

There is nothing complicated in this procedure. The easiest way is to use a known-good node, since you can check the switch this way in literally a matter of minutes. But if there is none, and you need to determine exactly whether the fault is in the coil or in the switch, it is wiser to use other methods. You will need a simple incandescent lamp. If you don’t know where to get it, then unscrew it from the interior lamp or from the side lights.

Connect one terminal of the lamp to the negative of the battery. Connect the second one to pin “1” of the switch. This is the same pin from which the amplified signal is removed. If the lamp lights up, then the device is working properly. A more advanced testing method is carried out using an oscilloscope. On the screen you can see the magnitude and shape of the signal, and also compare it with the reference one.

What signs indicate a faulty switch?

The most obvious sign of a faulty switch is the loss of the so-called spark, as well as interruptions in the operation of the engine, for example, it may begin to have difficulty starting and quickly stall even after warming up.
It is not recommended to immediately change the switch due to loss of spark, since such a malfunction is sometimes caused by other automotive components that fail:

• Hall Sensor;
• timing belt rupture;
• poor contact in the distributor;
• ignition coil failure. If a malfunction is detected in this particular element, then, according to experts, the coil needs to be replaced rather than wasting time on repairing it.

If diagnostics of the components described above confirm their serviceability, you will have to begin checking a more complex device called a switch.

Advantages of contactless ignition

There are a lot of advantages to this type of system; among the main advantages is enviable reliability. A small number of elements is the key to long and stable operation. But the most important thing is the absence of high currents and mechanical breakers. This is the main difference between the electronic type and the classic contact type, which was installed on the VAZ 2107 of the first releases. Of course, it is far from the accuracy of a microprocessor system, but a distributor that does not have a contact breaker can improve the performance of the motor.

So, we can highlight the following advantages of using a contactless system on the VAZ 2107 and similar models:

1. Reduced fuel consumption due to more correct setting of the ignition timing and greater spark power.
2. Increasing the stability of the internal combustion engine. The crankshaft speed is constant, there are no interruptions.
3. Increased reliability, since there is (virtually) no mechanical interaction, and there are no spark gaps.
4. Reduced costs for components. The Hall sensor, for example, fails much less often than the breaker contact group.

Self-test of the switch

To check the operation of the switch yourself, you will need a set of regular car keys.
The rated voltage is measured with a multimeter and a special light bulb, the value of which should be no more than 12 V. It is quite easy to independently check the functionality of the switch if you carry out this step step by step:

1. The battery must be disconnected from the power supply to prevent short-circuiting the wiring.
2. Using a size 8 wrench, unscrew the fastener from the wire that goes to the ignition coil. Finding this wiring is quite simple by marking “K”.
3. The disconnected wire must be connected to a control light and a clamp that has the same marking “K”.
4. Next, you should connect this wire to the battery.
5. After turning on the car starter, you need to observe the so-called behavior of the warning light. If the switch is working, the light will periodically turn on and off, and if it does not perform any actions, then the device can be considered incompetent and will need to be replaced.

At this point, the process of checking the switch is considered complete, and, as many can see, it is very simple and understandable. Therefore, you should not immediately turn to a service station for a solution to this issue and spend a rather impressive amount of money. First of all, you should try to test this device yourself, and if difficulties still arise, you can watch a training video on an Internet resource at any time, conducted by real masters of their craft.

If the VAZ-2109 car owner doubts the serviceability of the element, then it is best to check its operation at the test stand, which is provided at each service station. Using such a stand, not only the functionality of the switch is checked, but also the duration of the pulse generated by this device.

ABOUT THE POSSIBILITIES OF MODULE REPAIR

Most breakdowns of this device lead to its replacement, but sometimes it is possible to repair the ignition coil to return it to service. This is especially true in cases where moving or tapping changes the behavior of the motor. If you have the ability to use a soldering iron and a multimeter, you can try to get it back into operation.

You need to remove the metal back cover, under which the electrical parts of the module are filled. You need to try to carefully get rid of the silicone and its “insides” will be revealed to your eyes. Find broken or “bad” contacts and solder them.

After this, close the back cover and check its functionality. If the repair result is positive, you need to open it again and fill the inside with silicone.

If the result is negative, then the block must be replaced. True, owners with extensive amateur radio experience continue to “dig” further. You can try replacing the electronic switches. Basically, these two elements become the culprits of failures of the engine starting system.

How to check a VAZ 2109 switch

The switch is the very part of the car’s ignition system that can easily fail, but is difficult to diagnose. Is this really so? Let’s find out using the example of a VAZ 2109 car. Let’s consider why it is needed and how to check it in case of a malfunction of the ignition system.

Purpose of the VAZ 2109 switch

The switch is an electronic unit that is responsible for programming and controlling the vehicle’s ignition system. Its basis is the well-known L497 microcircuit, which is used to control transistors.

The advantages of using a switch over conventional contact ignition are reliability, since the electronics make it easier to start the engine even at the lowest temperatures, which indicates good sparking. In addition, the switch is securely mounted, which ensures trouble-free operation.

With proper adjustment of the switch, you can increase the rotation speed and speed of the engine crankshaft and directly influence its traction properties. Correct operation of the switch is ensured through the use of a Hall sensor installed on the engine distributor.

Signs or symptoms of a bad switch?

Perhaps the main symptom of a block failure is the absence of a spark when starting the engine. This happens as follows: the starter successfully rotates the engine, but the mixture does not ignite. The engine shows absolutely no signs of life at all. Spark plugs are usually wet and quickly fail.

First of all, all other elements of the system are checked - these are armored wires, Hall sensor, ignition coil and spark plugs. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the timing system is in good working order. If everything is in order, it’s time to check the switch on the VAZ 2109.

How to check the switch?

First, you need to find out some characteristics of the device in order to avoid mistakes during diagnostics.

• The device voltage ranges from 6 to 16 Volts
• Operating (standard) voltage – at least 13.5 Volts
• Switching current – ​​7.5-8.5 Volts
• Guaranteed good spark at rpm from 20 to 7000.

This is what characterizes the good performance of the device. If at least one of these points is missing, then the switch has become unusable. And now about checking the device.

First you need to take a size 8 key and unscrew the nut securing the wire to contact “K” on the ignition coil. As a rule, it is brown in color. Try not to let it come into contact with the car body, as this may cause a short circuit.

Now you need to take a 12-volt test lamp and connect one end of it to contact “K” and the other to the brown wire. Ensure good contact - this will be the key to competent diagnosis of the problem.

Make sure the lamp is visible from inside the car. Get behind the wheel, turn on the ignition and try to start the engine. If the light blinks while the engine is cranked by the starter, it means the switch is working. If the lamp does not light up at all, then the device must be replaced.

If you have the slightest doubt about the serviceability of the device, you can take it to a service station. There is a special stand that will not only determine the operation of the switch, but also measure the length of the pulses and compare them with the nominal value. High-precision instruments allow for broader diagnostics, but this costs a lot of money.

Fortunately, the cost of a new device is not so high - only 300-400 rubles. It is recommended to carry a spare switch in the glove compartment of your car. This will help avoid many troubles in the event of a sudden breakdown of the device. We wish you good luck on the roads!

Electronic ignition connection diagrams: VAZ 2101-VAZ 2107

Scheme of a contactless ignition system for VAZ cars:

1 - switch; 2 — ignition coil (bobbin); 3 — distributor; 4 — ignition key; 5 - Hall sensor.

How contactless ignition works

The sequence and principle of operation of the BSZ is as follows:

1. The driver turns the ignition key.
2. The circuit is closed and constant voltage from the battery is supplied to the primary winding of the ignition coil. The energized primary winding forms a magnetic field around itself.
3. When the starter starts, it begins to rotate the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and rotates the shaft, which is located inside the distributor along with the slider.
4. The hall sensor detects how the distributor shaft rotates (along the protrusion on the shaft) and transmits a signal to the switch.
5. The electronic unit turns off the voltage supply to the primary winding based on the signal from the Hall sensor.
6. When the voltage supply circuit is interrupted, at that moment a high voltage pulse of up to 24 kilovolts appears in the secondary winding of the coil, which is transmitted through a thick wire to the slider (the moving part of the distributor).
7. Fixed contacts are built into the roof. The runner throws an impulse onto one of these stationary contacts. From the contact that received the high voltage pulse, it is transmitted through high-voltage wires to the spark plugs of those cylinders in which the pistons are at top dead centers.
8. When voltage is applied to the spark plug, the working combustion chamber of the cylinder already contains fuel and air in a compressed state for ignition.
9. The distributor slider rotates to spark all spark plugs according to a certain sequence pattern: 1-3-4-2. Depending on how to install the slider, the entire operation of the system depends, early ignition or later, we learned to determine in another material.
10. The car engine starts.

Diagram of an outdated VAZ ignition system (without switch)

1 — distributor (distributor); 2 - breaker; 3 - capacitor; 4 — ignition coil (bobbin); 5 - battery; 6 — ignition switch; 7 - spark plugs.

This scheme is in systems where there is no switch. The circuit is broken mechanically using a breaker.

Disadvantages of contact ignition:

1. The contacts burn and oxidize, which reduces the power to create a spark.
2. There are wear parts that are recommended to be changed every 20 thousand km. mileage
3. Converted power in contact systems is up to 18 kilovolts. For electronic or contactless ones - up to 24 kilovolts.

VAZ 2109 - checking and replacing the switch

The voltage switch installed on the VAZ 2109 car is responsible for supplying control pulses to the ignition coil. A complete test of the switch must be carried out on a special stand, which will allow you to determine the duration of the supplied pulse. At home, using a test lamp you can only determine the presence of a pulse or its absence.

The switch is located in the engine compartment on the body partition separating the engine compartment and the vehicle interior. To check and replace, prepare a standard set of tools; you will also need a 12 V standard voltage test lamp.

Do the following sequence of actions:

• First of all, you need to de-energize the car by disconnecting the minus terminal from the battery.
• Next, use an eight-mm wrench to unscrew the nut and disconnect the red-brown wire from the ignition coil from terminal “K”, which goes to terminal “1” of the switch.
• Now we connect this wire through a test lamp to its terminal “K” of the ignition coil and, having connected the battery, turn on the engine starter. The lamp should blink, which will indicate the serviceability of the switch, which supplies a control pulse to the coil. If the lamp does not blink, then we are replacing the switch.

Before dismantling, disconnect the battery.

• Squeeze the plastic clip and disconnect the block with the power wires.
• Unscrew the two screws securing the switch to the car body and remove it complete with the aluminum radiator, which is necessary for cooling.
• Install the new one in reverse order.

At this point, the repair work to check and replace the VAZ 2109 switch is completed. While operating the car, periodically clean the radiator, as it gets very hot.

Alternative diagnostic methods

When there is no voltmeter on the dashboard, you can get out of the situation by doing everything yourself. To do this, you will need a 12 V light bulb and two meter wires with stripped ends. The diagnostic work flow diagram is as follows:

• disconnect the battery, de-energize the electrical system;
• using a size 8 wrench, unscrew the nut and remove the wire from the ignition coil terminal marked “K”, this wire is brown and goes to the clamp marked “1” on the switch;
• connect this wire to one of the test lamp wires;
• Connect the other wire of the control lamp to terminal “K” on the ignition coil;
• connect the battery;
• Turn on the engine starter and observe the condition of the lamp. If the lamp is flashing, the device is working properly. If the lamp does not light, the device is faulty.

Signs of a broken switch

During the operation of the car, unpleasant symptoms may occur, indicating a malfunction of the ignition system.

A possible reason for this may be incorrect operation of the switch. Here are the most common symptoms that should suggest a possible breakdown of this device:

• Can't start the engine. There is no spark when the starter is running.
• The engine starts and runs normally at low and medium speeds, but cannot be revved up at high speeds. The engine is not running at full power.
• The car stalls when moving away, although it idles stable.
• The engine starts, but does not run for a long time and immediately stalls.
• The engine begins to operate unstably - “triple”, reaching a certain speed level. When cold it can start quite normally.
• The engine may periodically, without any pattern, stall, then work normally again. The battery discharge indicator lights up. The tachometer needle shows sharp changes in the number of revolutions.

Tip: Signs of a malfunction in the ignition system can arise not only from the switch, but also from failure of other components. Replacing a switch with the above symptoms does not always help fix the problem. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out diagnostics of the ignition system in a comprehensive manner, step by step checking the serviceability of all components.

conclusions

Many advantages are provided by such a simple unit in a contactless ignition system as a switch. This includes an increase in power, even if only slightly, a reduction in fuel consumption, and a significant improvement in the engine in terms of reliability. And most importantly, there is no need for constant monitoring and timely adjustment of the system. The modern driver does not want to repair a car, he needs a means of transportation. Moreover, it is reliable and will not let you down at the most crucial moment. Regardless of which switch is used in the BSZ, its efficiency is much higher than that of a contact breaker.

Switch design and malfunctions

The VAZ 2109 switch is one of the key elements of the car’s ignition system. The device is designed to switch current pulses of the required amplitude and duration in the primary winding of the ignition coil, depending on the control pulses of the Hall sensor. It also stabilizes the current from 6 to 18 V, protects semiconductors from overloads and ensures that the ignition system is turned off when the engine is stopped.

The housing provides a connection to ground through a radiator. When the device operates, a significant amount of heat is generated through its radiator. During operation, the radiator should be regularly cleaned of all kinds of contaminants to maintain heat transfer.

Signs of a faulty switch may include the following:

• when the starter is turned on, the engine does not start, there is no spark at the spark plugs;
• the engine starts, but soon stalls at idle;
• The engine runs unsteadily and the spark sometimes disappears.

A malfunction of the VAZ switch is not the only possible reason for the appearance of such symptoms. Such signs can be observed when the distributor fails or contact is lost.

To carry out repairs correctly, a thorough diagnosis is necessary.

What is and what is the principle of operation of the ignition switch

Even on the very first cars, battery ignition systems were used to ignite the combustible mixture, the functional diagram of which is shown in the figure. This
figure makes it possible to understand that its operation is based on the principle of self-induction. When the current flow circuit in the winding of bobbin 3 is broken, a high-voltage EMF is induced in the secondary, causing a spark to appear on the contacts of spark plug 2. The circuit break is caused by the opening of the contacts of breaker 6.

Without touching on the advantages or disadvantages, it should be noted that this scheme worked on the car for a long time. And only the emergence of a new element base gave impetus to the further development of such a device, preserving the original principle of its operation.

BZS adjustment

Adjusting the ignition of the VAZ 2107 begins with the simplest operation of removing the distributor cover, then turning the crankshaft until the maximum distance between it and the distributor is reached.

Installation process of BZS VAZ 2107

After this, they begin to unscrew the screws that fix the contact group on the bearing plate and between the contacts, insert a probe to determine and select the optimal position for the group

Contact angle correction in closed state

Ideally, everything is determined by the force applied to move the probe, which should be minimal; having found an area that meets this requirement, the position of the group is fixed by tightening the screws. The size of the gap also matters; to determine it, the thickness of the feeler gauge should be 0.44 millimeters. It is the adjustment of the gap that provides the required value of the angle of closed contacts; its optimal value is 55±3°.

Sources:

• https://ladaautos.ru/vaz-2109/kak-mozhno-proverit-kommutator-vaz-2109.html
• https://chinisam.ru/vaz/3204-kak-proverit-kommutator-vaz-2109.html
• https://zubilovaz.ru/vaz-2109-proverka-i-zamena-kommutatora