Dnepr motorcycle engine, characteristics, history, design, tuning

The engine of the Dnepr motorcycle is a gasoline, carburetor, two-cylinder, four-stroke, with an opposed cylinder arrangement (at an angle of 180°). The designs of engines and gearboxes of the Dnepr and Ural motorcycles are in many ways similar. Among the parts and components of power units, the following are interchangeable: carburetors, compression and oil scraper piston rings, bushings of the upper heads of connecting rods, piston pins with lock rings, valve springs and their plates. Dnieper pistons are larger and to install them in a Ural engine they must be shortened just below the lower oil scraper ring. All parts and assemblies from the clutch specification are interchangeable, with the exception of flywheels.

The gearboxes of both units have unified driven gears, speedometer drive gears, including bearings. Power units or motors and gearboxes are separate and completely interchangeable. The following components are the same in terms of electrical equipment: generator, relay-regulator, breaker with automatic advancer, ignition coil.

Technical characteristics of DNEPR motorcycle engines

Motorcycle engine performance	K-750		K-650	MT9			MT10			MT10-36	Dnepr-11			Dnepr-12		Dnepr-16
Working volume, cm3	750		650											750		650
Cylinder diameter, mm	78
Piston stroke, mm	78		68
Compression ratio	6		7							7,5	7			6		7
Max. power, l. With	26		32							36	32			26		32
Max. HF rotation speed, rpm.	4600—4800		4800—5200				5600—5800				4800—5200			5600­-5800
Max. torque, Nm	39,2		41,8				46			44,1
Carburetor brand	K-37A		K-301	K-301B			K-301V			K-301D	K-302					K-63T
Air purifier type	Combined, inertia, contact-oil filter with instant cleaning
Clutch type	Dry double-disc, driven discs with linings on both sides
Gearbox type	4-speed, with gear. numbers in gears I-3.6, II-2.28, III-1.7, IV-1.3.
Electrical equipment
System, ignition	Battery
Voltage, V	6							12					6		12
Generator brand	G-414							G-424
Brand of relay regulator	PP-302							RR-330
Ignition coil	B2B (B201)								B204			B2B (B201)
Oil filling volumes, l:
in the engine crankcase	2	2,2
at the checkpoint	0,8				1,3	1,5
in the air filter	0,175
Resource before major overhaul, km	25 000 — 30 000

4↑ Reply from Dmitry pim 06/27/2011 18:16:40. History of the Urals

The plant itself was formed, thanks to decrees of the Council of People's Commissars 2435 652 of September 1945, on the basis of the Armored Repair Plant 8 on the street. Torque 47 4.8 N m kgf m Nm Engine type cylinder arrangement Four-stroke, carburetor, overhead valve, two-cylinder Number of cylinders 2 Engine capacity 650 750 cm3 Cooling type Air Transmission Mechanical 4-speed, with reverse gear Drive Cardan Frame Steel tubular Weight 220 kg Tank capacity 19 l.

Weaknesses of the Dnepr motorcycle engine

Contact ignition. Most owners indicated that there were problems with the ignition. The motor runs unevenly and is interrupted. The problem is solved by installing electronic ignition.

Checkpoint. According to some owners, the gearbox is not highly reliable, but most of the problems are associated with improper operation and untimely maintenance.

Causes and solutions to the most common faults occurring in the gearbox:

• Difficult gear shifting - often due to low oil level in the gearbox. Even a small defect can lead to gear shifting problems. Oil is responsible for lubricating all parts of the box, but it should be remembered that after some time it loses its lubricating properties. In this case, change the oil immediately.
• Grinding when shifting gears is usually the result of jamming or wear of the synchronizers - metal rings located on the main shaft of the gearbox, which are supposed to equalize the speed of rotation of the gears. It is the synchronizers that are responsible for the smooth activation of gears. Each gear has its own synchronizer.
• Noisy gearbox operation - the most common cause is worn bearings or gears. This should not be underestimated, as damage to the bearings can even lead to housing rupture.

Pistons. The weakness of the pistons is that the bottom burns out. With 5-10 minutes of engine operation with an ignition timing angle of more than 45°. When overheating, the engine begins to operate with increased noise, loss of power and does not stall when the ignition is turned off (due to overheating, glow ignition occurs). To avoid burning out the pistons, it is necessary to set the advance angle within 32-36° to the top dead center of the piston.

The most common problems with Dnepr motorcycle engines:

The engine does not start.

• The fuel supply system is clogged;
• Spark plugs have failed (carbon deposits, etc.);
• Insufficient compression in the cylinders (valve clearance, rings, etc.);
• The power supply is intermittent;
• Uneven fuel supply;
• Water in the engine or fuel;
• The jets are clogged;
• Faulty spark plugs;
• The integrity of the wiring is broken;
• The air/fuel mixture is too rich.

Engine knock.

• The ignition needs to be adjusted;
• Overheat;
• Problems with pistons and rings (loose fit, etc.).

What is the difference between the Ural motorcycle and the Dnepr, which is better?

The external differences of these Ural Dnepr motorcycles are flat round fenders, teardrop-shaped flattened tanks, single panel dashboards, a double box separate from the headlight, separate from the headlight, wheel hub, spokes are not symmetrical, spokes of different lengths are symmetrical, valve covers on the cylinders are rounded flat, more square , manufacturer Irbit Kyiv. In 1939-1940, partly based on the R-71, an overhead valve engine was built, and this is how the R-75 was built, which went down in history as the BMW Sahara.

Engine disadvantages

The Dnepr engine, unlike the Ural engine, has several critical disadvantages:

• The absence of an oil filter in the engine does not ensure cleaning of the oil in the lubrication system;
• Air cooled. Often, such cooling may not be enough to ensure the desired temperature, especially in off-road conditions.
• Prone to overheating. Requires constant monitoring of the oil level, which it likes to consume or “spit out” into the breather;
• In terms of design solutions, the Dnepr engine has a number of shortcomings. The bottom line is that, for unknown reasons, there is no oil filter in the engine; instead there is a so-called centrifuge (centrifugal filter). When centrifugal oil filters are used in car engines, they are installed after coarse oil filters, where they act as fine filters. To put it briefly and clearly, this is a round-shaped part that stands in the engine, it rotates and oil gets into it, there, according to the engineers’ idea and the laws of physics, all the dirt, by inertia, should remain on the walls of this centrifuge and filtered clean oil should be supplied further to the oil system . In practice, some dirt still gets into the lubrication system, shortening the life of the engine. Since the oil channels become clogged, in particular in the crankshaft itself, preventing oil from reaching the crankshaft liners and all this is fraught with critical breakdowns. The Dnepr’s oil system needs improvement, which is what motorcycle owners do on their own, otherwise you’ll just end up with crankshaft liners turning. Therefore, it is recommended to change the engine oil more often;
• Also, according to owners, there are manufacturing defects in the form of a gap between the front engine cover and the crankshaft. This defect leads to the removal of most of the oil into the sump; accordingly, less of it reaches the crankshaft liners;
• The gearbox does not offer excellent smoothness and precision of gear changes. You need to change gears very carefully, otherwise you can simply switch from one speed to another without noticing;
• One cannot fail to note such an important drawback in our time as the relatively high fuel consumption. If you don’t improve the power supply system, it will cost you money, because in the days of the USSR, when fuel really cost a penny, little things like gasoline consumption bothered few people;
• Requires frequent maintenance. Dnepr motorcycle engines require more frequent maintenance compared to car engines. List of work that must be performed during engine maintenance: checking and adjusting valves (thermal clearances), replacing engine oil and oil filter, monitoring the condition of spark plugs;
• Difficulty in maintenance and rather low reliability of the entire system will be the main disadvantages of this engine;
• The pressure reducing valve installed in the pump is located in the crankcase above the oil level; filling it with oil itself is not possible in case of clogging, because the valve does not fit tightly to the seat. Valve cleaning is time-consuming because it also involves disassembling the engine;
• Moreover, it has relatively small output figures: 26 and 32 horsepower, depending on the internal combustion engine model;
• In addition, the engine often suffers from the pins being too tightly seated in the piston, which leads to overheating of the cylinders and heads.

Conclusion. Currently, the plant has stopped producing motorcycles, which has resulted in some shortage of spare parts. This was due to a banal economic recession. The internal combustion engine of the Dnepr motorcycle, the technical characteristics of which can successfully compete with the next generation of motorcycles, is subject to rapid wear and tear and, at the same time, frequent repairs. Reliability rating: “satisfactory.”

PS Dear motorcyclists! Through the comment submission form, you can leave feedback on the weak points and shortcomings of DNEPR motorcycle engines or on troubleshooting, maintenance and repair.

How many ticks does the Dnieper have?

The external differences of these Ural Dnepr motorcycles are flat round fenders, teardrop-shaped flattened tanks, single panel dashboards, a double box separate from the headlight, separate from the headlight, wheel hub, spokes are not symmetrical, spokes of different lengths are symmetrical, valve covers on the cylinders are rounded flat, more square , manufacturer Irbit Kyiv. The wheel served as the impetus for the creation of the bicycle in 1817, then in 1869 a steam engine was installed on the bicycle and the result was a moped with a reserve of fuel in a special trunk, coal or firewood.

Owner reviews – History of the Urals

The Ural and the Dnieper - what are the differences and similarities for sashurik Come on, 10 is too much for you, maybe if with a cradle in which there are 10 bags of potatoes on one without adjusting anything, you get somewhere around 6-7, and this is 76 gasoline, and in general I think motorcycles The car always eats more. The oil systems of the Dnieper and the Urals also differ in the performance of the pump and its location and drive in the Dnieper by a special gear from the crankshaft, in the Urals from the rear of the camshaft by a helical gear and roller.

Re: Dnieper engine in the Urals • but damn they were constantly fixing something. The Dnieper already had a reverse gear, and the Urals had a HZ when it appeared.

Qualitative indicators

The technical characteristics of the Dnepr MT 10 have many similarities with those of the MT 9, however, the motorcycle also has its own characteristics:

Dimensions (length; width; height)	243; 162; 108 cm
Weight	335 kg
Speed ​​(max)	105 km/h
Fuel tank volume	19 l.
Load weight	260 kg
Engine	4-stroke 2-cylinder air-cooled
Fuel consumption per 100 km	8 l. with a mixed cycle
Engine capacity	650 cc cm
Start	Kickstarter
Piston parameters (stroke; diameter)	6.8; 7.8 cm
Engine power	32 l. With. at 5800 rpm
Brakes	Shoe
Suspensions (front; rear)	Telescopic fork; with hydraulic shock absorber; lever on shock absorbers

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The dimensions and weight of the motorcycle are large, which is quite consistent with the class of equipment. The model’s carrying capacity is high, which determined the demand for it among rural residents, who often have to transport large and heavy loads. The powerful 650 cc engine, like that of the Dnepr MT 9, provides the driver with 32 horsepower, which is quite enough.

Review and photo Dnepr MT 16

The Dnepr MT 16 motorcycle is considered one of the best production bikes in the history of the Kyiv motorcycle plant. Its technical characteristics are impressive. The bike has good cross-country ability . He is not afraid of off-road conditions and potholes on the road. The presence of a transmission drive to the sidecar wheel made it possible to improve controllability on difficult sections of the road.

This made the bike the leader among Soviet motorcycles in off-road use. Unlike previous models, the emphasis was placed not on speed, but on the cross-country ability of the motorcycle, so the maximum speed was lower by 10 km/h. At the same time, the MT 16 could go where most bikes couldn’t.

History of creation

In the post-war years, against the backdrop of general devastation, it was necessary to restore the production sector. The Kiev Motorcycle Plant was among the first to restore the production process and, despite enormous difficulties, new equipment began to roll off the assembly line.

In 1947, the Dnepr motorcycle plant began to develop new three-wheeled motor vehicles. Production expanded and after 2 years the plant’s staff was joined by hundreds of representatives from another company, which was very useful when planning the production of M-72 motorcycles. This equipment was equipped with a four-stroke two-cylinder engine. It became very popular, and therefore the decision was made to create a new, improved model, the M-53.

M-72 motorcycle with a DP machine gun in the motorcycle museum

Since 1956, production of the modernized K-750SM and M-53S motorcycles began. They were produced until 1970.

Since 1967, the plant began producing the first batch of Dnepr motorcycles. It was equipped with a two-cylinder engine with a capacity of 650 cc. cm and power 32 hp. Large production volumes gave rise to the expansion of production facilities and their re-equipment.

In 1974, a more modern model, the Dnepr MT-10, began production. After 3 years, MT-10-38 motorcycles were produced with increased engine power, they were more comfortable and practical.

The popularity of the motorcycle, including abroad, contributed to the start of production of the Dnepr 11 and Dnepr 16 motorcycles in 1985.

Tuning options

Due to the closure of the Kyiv Motorcycle Plant, the modernization and modification of this motorcycle equipment has been suspended. In this regard, all improvements have to be done with your own hands or contact private specialists.

Tuning areas

The exhaust system, front fork, roll bar, footrest, and windshield are most in need of replacement. Forks, footrests and other body parts are replaced with chrome-plated counterparts.

When the exhaust system is modernized, they often install nickel-plated elbows and a direct-flow muffler. Such replacements will improve engine performance and make it sound better. Some motorcyclists, instead of reverse gear, provide the device with an additional gear in order to increase the dynamics of the motorcycle.

In the video below you can see step-by-step instructions for converting a standard gearbox into a five-speed one:

The ignition system requires modification. For this purpose, the motor vehicle is equipped with an electric starter for automatic engine start and contactless ignition. The most effective effect will be replacing the engine with a new, more powerful one. Such changes will cost a significant amount because the new engine comes with additional parts and equipment.

Re: Fuel consumption on Opposites. Who has how much? – History of appearance

The external differences of these Ural Dnepr motorcycles are flat round fenders, teardrop-shaped flattened tanks, single panel dashboards, a double box separate from the headlight, separate from the headlight, wheel hub, spokes are not symmetrical, spokes of different lengths are symmetrical, valve covers on the cylinders are rounded flat, more square , manufacturer Irbit Kyiv. The popularity of the Dnepr MT-11 can be easily explained: the model appeared just during the heyday of the rocker subculture in the country, and therefore the motorcycle quickly fell in love with freedom-loving bikers of that era, who, by unhooking the sidecar, could get a good cruiser.