Electric starter
The most convenient way. When starting, the engine is spun by a brushed DC motor powered by a battery (after starting, the battery is recharged by a generator driven by the main engine). But it has one significant drawback: in order to crank the crankshaft of a cold engine, especially in winter, it needs a large starting current, which is supplied by the battery, which rapidly loses maximum current and capacity as the temperature drops. Sometimes, together with the use of too viscous oil, this makes starting in cold weather impossible.
Electric motors of automobile starters have a special design with four brushes, which allows to reduce the rotor resistance, increase the rotor current and the power of the electric motor.
General structure of the scooter
Any scooter owner should know how his vehicle works, because without such knowledge it is not only impossible to find out the cause of the malfunction, but also to eliminate it.
Almost all equipment, no matter in which country or in which factory it was produced, has the same design for a scooter, so after examining and repairing one moped, you can easily troubleshoot any other.
Scooters are rightfully considered one of the most economical and unpretentious means of transportation. Ease of operation, low engine power and amazing maneuverability have made scooters one of the most popular types of equipment.
If we consider the general structure of a scooter, then we can say that this vehicle contains an engine, transmission, suspension, chassis, plastic parts and systems responsible for control . The functions of the main components of mopeds should be considered in detail.
- In a scooter engine (the device is often an internal combustion engine - an internal combustion engine), the energy obtained from fuel combustion is converted into mechanical energy, which sets the vehicle in motion.
- The main function of the transmission is to transfer torque from the engine to the drive wheel (in the case of scooters, this is the rear wheel). The transmission of most mopeds that were produced from the beginning of 2000 to the present day consists of an automatic variator, clutch, gearbox, and a foot start system.
- The chassis of the moped includes both wheels, the brake system and the suspension. It is thanks to the suspension, which ensures the connection of the wheels to the frame, that vibrations during driving are dampened, and braking or speeding up are carried out smoothly and softly.
- The photo shows the structure of the moped, or rather, the “engine and transmission” unit: 1 – the place where the engine is attached to the frame; 2 – engine cylinder; 3 – the transmission itself, which includes the scooter’s variator device, as well as the clutch; 4 – place to which the shock absorber is attached; 5 – wheel.
- Basically, all mopeds have either a two-stroke or four-stroke gasoline engine and, depending on such features, the moped or scooter can be supplemented with various components - for example, an oil pump.
- It should be noted that the design of the scooter’s carburetor also refers to the “engine-transmission” unit, although it is not indicated in the photo.
- The scooter's control devices include a steering wheel, a series of ignition buttons, turn signals, headlight switches, brake levers and a speed controller.
- Plastic cladding refers to all mudguards, fairings, as well as tuning such as spoilers or panels that perform an aesthetic function.
The diagram shows the general structure of the moped: 1 – front fairing; 2 – steering control panel; 3 – protective steering fairing; 4 – seats for the passenger and driver; 5 – trunk located under the seat; 6 – wing; 7 – side fairing; 8 – rear wheel; 9 – power transmission; 10 – driver’s floor; 11 – suspension; 12 – brake system.
Side mirrors, trunk, saddlebags and other parts that are not included in the basic structure of the scooter are called additional components or equipment.
Despite the fact that many motorcyclists are accustomed to scooters with an automatic centrifugal clutch, on the market you can also find two-wheeled vehicles with a mechanical gear shift system (for example, with a four-speed manual gearbox with an engine capacity of 49.3 cc). Such scooters are considered rare and require great driving skills from drivers.
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Source: https://MotoHolder.ru/poleznoe/ustroystvo-skutera
Is Kickstarter a necessity or a relic of the past?
06/13/2013 2821 Articles,
Kickstarter - install the starter lever yourself
Now, finding a model that is equipped with a kickstarter is not so easy, because most manufacturers of enduro motorcycles have simply stopped installing it, putting a regular plug in its place. Of course, if you consider that Japanese and European enduros do not often see off-road conditions, but ride in good conditions, then the manufacturers can be understood. But, in Russian conditions, a kickstarter is simply necessary, because if the electronics or the motorcycle battery fail, then the motorcycle will not be able to start without it.
In appearance, a kickstarter is a bent lever with which you can start the engine. If someone thinks that it can be bought at a low cost, then they are significantly mistaken. Despite the simplicity of the design, a kickstarter can cost an average of 400 euros, depending on the model. Even if you find not a new, but a used kick, it will still cost 200 euros.
Of course, it’s cheaper to buy a kickstarter motorcycle outright, but if you come across an interesting model and it’s in good condition, you can install the kickstarter yourself. Fortunately, most manufacturers, although they do not install them right away, create them in the form of additional equipment.
It is advisable to order the entire set, because the kickstarter is not just one lever. To install the kick, a shaft and an idler gear are also required. If the lever can often be picked up from almost any enduro, then the gear and shaft must be original. The fact that the lever can be replaced is very convenient. In addition to saving money, the motorcyclist also has the opportunity to install a longer kick, if ground clearance allows. In addition, you need to immediately buy a gasket for the crankcase cover, because it will be dismantled. Also, during the installation process you may need various washers, screws and thread sealant.
It is advisable to have a repair manual for this motorcycle model, because the permissible tightening torques are indicated there. Of course, you can do everything by eye, but those with strong hands may overdo it and break the thread. When installing the kickstarter, you can take advantage of the fact that the crankcase cover is removed and check the condition of the clutch. This way, both maintenance and installation of the kickstarter can be carried out at the same time.
Ignition at start
For engines with spark ignition, the problem of powering the ignition system at the time of startup is also relevant. Conventional generators with electromagnets require some time to self-excite, so at the moment of starting the ignition is powered only by the battery. As a result, the IZH and Ural motorcycles do not start when the battery is discharged, although the start is carried out by a kick starter rather than an electric starter. This problem is solved by using a generator with permanent magnets (as on the Minsk and Voskhod motorcycles) or magnetos, which provide current immediately, but such generators have less power. The problem becomes much less severe when using electronic ignition, but it is also unable to operate if the battery is completely discharged. The problem of a completely dead battery is aggravated by the fact that modern generators use excitation windings instead of permanent magnets. This means that even with a rotating motor (for example, a towed car), there will be no spark.
Scooter kickstarter repair | Moto blog
The kickstarter is used to start the engine. If your electric starter does not work, this device will come to the rescue. But during operation, the kickstarter may break. This happens due to many factors, for example, most often it breaks due to improper handling. If you hit or sharply press the kickstarter leg, you risk that it will soon break, unable to withstand such a load. Also, the kickstarter breaks due to weak metal. Let's say that the Japanese variator body is much stronger and is made of high-quality metal. Chinese CVTs are much worse, because even by eye you can determine its poor condition. Let's look at the main breakdowns that occur when the kickstarter is handled incorrectly.
