With the development of trade relations between Russia and China, in addition to traditional knitted goods and consumer electronics, various auto and motorcycle equipment began to be imported en masse to our country. And since the domestic motorcycle industry was experiencing a decline, the new items were to the taste of motorcyclists and began to be purchased en masse for their own needs.
Classic look of the Alpha moped
Of particular interest is the ALPHA moped with an air-cooled engine, which is sold in the Russian Federation as “Alpha 110cc” or “Alpha 49”. The numbers in the name indicate the engine displacement:
- 49 cc four-stroke air-cooled engine. cm, power 4.5 hp;
- 110 cc four-stroke air-cooled engine. cm, power 7 hp.
Mopeds, due to their external resemblance to motorcycles, differ from scooters, although they represent a separate class. However, the combination of technical parameters, ease of do-it-yourself maintenance and low operating cost have made this moped a sales leader on the Russian motorcycle market.
For reference: in China, several manufacturers assemble the ALPHA model. Among them are Horse, Chong Qing Bull, WONJAN, Omaks and a number of others. Companies such as AVM and SMoto also assemble mopeds in Russia. At the same time, the wiring diagram of the Alpha moped is identical, regardless of the location of assembly.
Basic Concepts
In order to understand wiring, you need to understand a little about the types of current. A constant is one that does not change its direction and magnitude. Variable is one where the voltage and current change their value after some time, or the current flows in the opposite direction. Often direct current, as can be seen in the wiring diagram of the Alpha moped, is needed for light bulbs: headlights, turn signals, foot. There are models where the motorcycle is completely converted to direct current, but these are old models and they are quite rare.
The alternating current must be rectified somewhere, and a voltage-stabilized rectifier is designed to do this. In simple terms – a voltage regulator. Why is it needed? The generator outputs 40 V, but this amount quickly burns out the light bulbs. Therefore, the rectifier reduces this figure to 13.8 V. The Alpha has two power lines: the first is the power supply to the on-board network of the electric starter, headlights, turn signals, dimensions, relays, signal and stop. The second is the power line for the generator, ignition coil and spark plug.
What is interesting to the consumer
Why are city residents interested in the Delta?
The popularity of this model should be sought in the technical characteristics of the vehicle:
- Electric starter;
- More than moderate appetite - 2.5 l/100 km;
- Four-speed semi-automatic (for Delta Racer model);
- Load capacity 100 kg;
- Easy to maintain with your own hands;
- More than reasonable price for the model itself and spare parts.
Another electrical connection diagram from the spare parts catalog for Delta
Valuable advice
It is no secret that the insulation of the wires is made of cheap plastic and it is better to replace the insulation with rubber before it crumbles after a few rains. The two networks in Chinese motorcycles do not intersect, therefore, when disassembling the power supply of the on-board network of the electric starter, headlights, turn signals and stop, you should remember several points:
- The green wire is always ground or, as it is also called, ground.
- Pink and yellow (two yellows) come from the generator, where there is still alternating current.
- Blue comes from an impulse from a magnetic sensor.
- Black and red – battery power.
They all go into a big black rope. The colors are fixed and it’s easier to remember what they belong to than to have to decide for a long time where they come from and where they go. There are two main coils: under the steering wheel and next to the battery, under the shield. If next to the battery you can still determine what is coming from where, then under the steering wheel the wiring of the Alpha moped begins to resemble Narnia: everything is lost there and the colors change. Wiring from this point spreads throughout the motorcycle, providing power.
Service Features
Unfortunately, suppliers of motorcycle equipment do not always take into account the specific features of a particular type of vehicle, assuming that low price is more important. In particular, the majority of mopeds supplied to Russia under the ALPHA brand are not designed for our climatic and road conditions.
This manifests itself in the following:
- Most mopeds are used off-road (in rural areas, for trips to nature, fishing, etc.). And factory tires, alloy rims, springs and shock absorbers are not designed for such loads;
- The quality of gasoline and oil is also far from ideal, which affects the performance parameters of the moped;
- The moped is not intended for operation at sub-zero temperatures.
Advice: The wiring of the Alpha moped especially suffers from harsh climates, since its insulation is made of cheap plastic. At sub-zero temperatures it becomes brittle and breaks down. Experienced owners, after purchase, replace it with rubber-insulated wiring.
In the same way as wiring for an Alpha moped, other “diseases” of Alpha mopeds can be cured with the help of replacement. In particular:
- Factory tires are replaced with more wear-resistant ones;
- Alloy wheels are replaced by traditional spoked rims;
- Shock absorbers are reinstalled from domestic motorcycles.
Wiring work
The large black wire connects: 2 yellow, green and red, where direct current flows. Red goes into the ignition switch, from which by turning the key you can close the system and make it work. On the reverse side, the harness goes to the console, where it is connected to the switches. If voltage has been lost, then you should look at the operation of this harness - does the voltage go out from the ignition switch into this black harness.
The second line serves to power the battery (black-red), pulse from the magnetic sensor (blue-white) and has ground (green). There is a lot of voltage going to the battery, and therefore you can only touch the wires with the engine off. If the question arises about how to connect the wiring on an Alpha moped if there are problems with this line, then you should pay attention to the armored wire - the large black wire that goes to the spark plug from the ignition coil. And a rather dangerous symptom allows you to suspect a break in the black-yellow wire: if the moped does not stall, but will work until the gas runs out. This wire turns yellow in the middle and goes to the ignition coil.
We recommend reading:
The scooter uses an A7TC spark plug. When turning right, voltage flows through the blue wire, which is responsible for the corresponding lamps.
The front brake should be used in conjunction with the rear foot brake. Starter The device is used to easily start the scooter engine, without using a kick pedal. Wash lacquered and chrome-plated parts with water and wipe with a dry soft cloth.
When performing welding work, you should remember that without disconnecting the switch you can easily destroy all electrical equipment. The gas valve has three positions: open, reserve, closed. Wash lacquered and chrome-plated parts with water and wipe with a dry soft cloth.
We recommend reading:. The strips are pushed under the ring, one in the middle, two - under the ends of the ring lock. Running in the mokika Running in is carried out during the first kilometers of run. To replace piston rings, remove the rings from the piston using three steel strips.
On the scooter it is located near the limiter relay. Clean the cylinder head, exhaust port, piston and muffler from carbon deposits.
Do not pull the wire too hard - the cap may come off. If there is no resistance or it is very low, the generator is to blame for the problem. When the stop is turned out, the free play of the lever decreases; when screwed in, it increases.
Troubleshooting and repair of electrical equipment of the Delta moped
Do not allow the engine to overheat; moving the engine with an overheated engine can lead to engine seizure and piston ring breakage. To avoid engine overheating, especially in summer, stop for 10-15 minutes every 15-20 km and turn off the engine. You should not drive for a long time in first gear, as the engine overheats, quickly wears out and overuses fuel. Do not pull the wire too hard - the cap may come off. The rubber seal protects the contact from accidental electrical breakdown.
Adjust the timing of the lamp by moving the brake light switch forward or backward. Then the resistance at the terminals of the ignition unit is checked. How to check the charging relay, voltage regulator
How to check, replace
Checking is carried out using a multimeter. This device is used in electromechanics and is sold in hardware stores. There are models without a sound signal - they do not differ in appearance, and therefore you have to ask the sellers. Without a sound signal or “ringing” it is inconvenient to constantly look at the panel, but it is possible to carry out the check. Sequentially, starting from the battery to the ignition circuit and generator, all the wiring of the Alpha moped is checked. The multimeter has two probes: red and black. Red ones need to touch the plus, and black ones need to touch the mass or ground.
Thus, the wiring of the Alpha moped is a complex and vulnerable place for this vehicle. However, this is exactly what will help toughen the motorcycle owner in the face of eternal breakdowns and make him a real ace in the electricity of his motorcycle.
Moped maintenance
Like any vehicle, Alpha mopeds require routine maintenance, the essence of which boils down to:
- Replacement of parts and assemblies whose service life has expired;
- Setting up and restoring the factory parameters of the main components and assemblies;
- Visual inspection of the moped to identify damage.
Chinese engines quite confidently “maintain” 20,000 km on our domestic fuels and lubricants without breakdowns or overhaul of the piston group. The main thing is to change the oil in a timely manner, especially during the break-in period.
If you do not operate the moped in harsh conditions (winter, cross-country racing, etc.), then all oil seals and rubber seals will also last a long time.
Tip: Change your air filter often. This will save the carburetor and make it easier to start the engine in all operating modes.
Types of chargers
To restore the charge of moped batteries, the following types of devices are used:
- Simple. The required characteristics of the electricity supplied by the devices are specified by the user. It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the product using a universal tester. If a multimeter is not available, remove the plugs and measure the density of the acid solution. Other characteristics of a simple charger are not much different from the properties of more expensive models.
- Automatic. In this case, the device independently controls the process, choosing the appropriate parameters. Automatic devices are well suited for restoring the power of motorcycle batteries at home.
- Automotive. They are rarely used, which is explained by the difference in battery capacities for cars and motorcycles. An automobile charger produces high current, which leads to boiling of the electrolyte and destruction of the plates. Batteries charged with such devices often become unusable. Car chargers can be used if they have a parameter adjustment function.
Ignition circuit elements.
Egnition lock. Shuvav, city
It is shown simplified, but sufficient to understand the principle of its operation as part of the system.
The audio signal supply voltage is constant. The idea arose to use both impulses in the operation of the system, and so that at low engine speeds the ignition would be later, and at higher speeds it would become earlier.
Ignition coil 2. Although the ignition switch has 3 positions, the electrical circuit uses only 2.
The moped gained great popularity in Russia and the CIS countries primarily because of its ridiculous price. Ignition circuit elements.
Alfa 72cc moped wiring diagram with tachometer
The difference between them is the number of wires wound and the colors. The ignition switch is nothing more than a regular multi-position switch. The image will open in a new window. The ignition system of the Alpha moped is very simple and reliable.
Helpful information
To protect the terminals from oxidation and the appearance of a white coating, they need to be cleaned, securely fastened and only then lubricated with grease (technical Vaseline, Litol, Solidol, etc.) or protected with a special acid-resistant mastic. The battery being serviced must have a special tube for removing gases; it must be taken outside the motorcycle and not closed; it serves to remove gases and condensate during operation. You can insert the battery into a rubber or plastic box that is slightly higher than the battery. Then, if the electrolyte suddenly spills out, it will not get on the frame and other parts of the motorcycle.
